Kingston Area History – Overview and Articles – Indigenous Peoples

The Indigenous Peoples of the Kingston Area

The area now known as Kingston, NY, was originally the homeland of the Esopus people, a subgroup of the Lenape (or Delaware) nation. The Esopus, like other Lenape groups, thrived in the Hudson Valley for millennia, long before European contact.

The Esopus were not just hunter-gatherers; they were also adept farmers, cultivating crops like corn, beans, and squash. They established villages along the Hudson River and its tributaries, living in longhouses constructed from bark and wood. Their diet was supplemented by hunting game and fishing, and their communities were known for skilled craftsmanship in basket weaving and pottery.

While the Esopus sought peaceful relations, tensions escalated with the Dutch settlers in the 1600s. The Dutch, driven by expansion and trade, encroached upon Esopus lands. Tragically, some Dutch settlers took Esopus individuals, particularly women and children, as slaves. This, among other grievances, led to a series of conflicts known as the Esopus Wars.

By 1661, after enduring significant strife, the Esopus were compelled to sign a peace treaty with the Dutch. This treaty not only marked the end of hostilities but also resulted in the Esopus ceding significant portions of their ancestral lands. They were relocated to areas in present-day Ulster County. The subsequent years saw a decline in the Esopus population, exacerbated by diseases introduced by Europeans and further territorial pressures.

Long time Kingston Historian, Ed Ford, discusses the early interactions between the settlers and the Esopus

Today, descendants of the Esopus, as part of the broader Lenape diaspora, continue to honor their heritage. While their numbers in the region might be limited, their efforts to preserve and promote their culture and traditions remain vibrant.

Noteworthy Aspects of the Esopus Culture:

• Language: The Esopus spoke a dialect of the Lenape language, which is part of the larger Algonquian language family.
• Spirituality: The Esopus had a profound spiritual culture, with ceremonies, rituals, and beliefs deeply connected to the land and nature.
• Craftsmanship: Beyond their noted basket weaving and pottery, the Esopus were also known for their intricate beadwork and carvings.

The legacy of the Esopus in the Kingston area is undeniable. Their history, marked by both thriving communities and profound challenges, serves as a testament to the rich tapestry of cultures that have shaped the Hudson Valley. It’s essential to remember and respect the contributions and sacrifices of the Esopus and all indigenous peoples.